Bambino

Asilo nido, ecco perché fa bene ai bambini

Perché l’asilo nido fa bene

Le mamme che lavorano spesso si sentono in colpa nei riguardi dei propri bambini, la cui cura sono costrette a delegare, almeno per una parte della giornata.
Chi non ha la possibilità di affidare i bambini ai nonni, oppure sceglie volontariamente di non farlo, deve rivolgersi ad un aiuto esterno.
In Italia le iniziative a sostegno delle donne che lavorano sono davvero pochissime.
Secondo alcune recenti ricerche sembra comunque che la scelta migliore sia mandare i bambini all’asilo nido.
Il nido incentiva lo sviluppo delle capacità cognitive, dà benefici fisici, stimola la socializzazione e migliora il comportamento dei bambini.

Affidare i bambini alla cura dei nonni può non essere una scelta sempre positiva. È vero che il rapporto tra nonni e nipoti dipende molto anche dall’influenza dei genitori. Ma, per quanto i nonni possano essere disponibili o attenti, non dispongono delle possibilità dei nidi.
Al nido i bimbi imparano anche alcune regole di base. Ciò è ancora più rilevante in quanto spesso, sia nonni che genitori, sottovalutano l’importanza di dire no.

Benefici comportamentali e cognitivi dell’asilo nido

Secondo uno studio del Boston College del Massachusetts il nido migliora il comportamento dei bambini. La frequentazione di questa struttura diminuisce la loro aggressività. Gli studiosi hanno intervistato 939 genitori norvegesi. Dai dati raccolti è emerso che i bimbi che frequentano il nido hanno un comportamento migliore. Questi piccoli inoltre imparano a parlare prima.
La frequenza del nido incide anche nella manifestazione del carattere. I bambini sono in generale meno timidi e paurosi, più intraprendenti e tolleranti.
L’esperienza dell’asilo nido rende i bimbi anche più autonomi.

asilo nido

Inoltre, secondo un’altra ricerca della Fondazione Debenedetti, l’asilo nido aiuterebbe i bambini a sviluppare precoci capacità cognitive. Tali capacità sembrano, invece, meno stimolate nei bimbi accuditi in famiglia. Sembra che i piccoli che hanno frequentato il nido imparino a leggere e apprendano le basi della matematica prima.
Nelle dinamiche di apprendimento un ruolo fondamentale è sicuramente quello dell’interazione con i coetanei. I giochi e la relazione con i pari sono un grande incentivo per lo sviluppo cognitivo.

Benefici fisici e immunitari dell’asilo nido

Lo studio di Debenedetti evidenzia, inoltre che i bambini che frequentano il nido ottengano benefici anche fisici. Questi piccoli hanno, infatti meno probabilità di diventare obesi. L’interazione con i coetanei spinge i bambini a muoversi in continuazione.
Il fatto che i piccoli tornino a casa più stanchi può apportare benefici anche al loro sonno.

L’asilo nido aumenta anche le difese immunitarie. Sebbene durante i primi mesi i bambini si ammalino molto, entrando in contatto con molti e diversi virus. Già dall’anno successivo le difese si rafforzano.
Alcuni studi sostengono che la frequenza del nido riduca l’eventualità di ammalarsi di leucemia e dimezzi le possibilità di sviluppare l’asma.

Nonostante i vantaggi per lo sviluppo dei bambini siano numerosi, in Italia soltanto il 13% dei bimbi trova posto in asilo nido. Servirebbero politiche più mirate per la crescita dei piccoli. Tali misure sarebbero allo stesso tempo funzionali a permettere alle donne di rimanere nel mondo del lavoro.

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