Concepimento, Rimanere incinta

Periodo fertile: calcolo dei giorni fertili dopo il ciclo

Periodo fertile

Conoscere il proprio periodo fertile permette di sapere quando si hanno maggiori possibilità di rimanere incinta.
Il periodo fertile coincide con l’ovulazione, che di solito avviene 14 giorni prima o dopo le mestruazioni. Tuttavia non tutte le donne hanno un ciclo regolare di 28 giorni.
Quindi il calcolo dei giorni fertili dopo il ciclo non è sempre esatto.

Calcolo giorni fertili

I giorni fertili coincidono, in linea di massima, con l’ovulazione. Cioè il periodo in cui l’ovocita, la cellula uovo, matura e viene rilasciata nella tuba. Qui, se incontrerà gli spermatozoi, potrà essere fecondata.
In un ciclo mestruale regolare di 28 giorni l’ovulazione comincia il quattordicesimo giorno, o meglio dai 16 ai 12 giorni prima della prossima mestruazione. Anche se l’ovulazione dura circa 24 ore, il periodo fertile è più lungo. Ciò è dovuto alla resistenza degli spermatozoi che vivono fino a 5 giorni all’interno delle tube. Quindi, se gli spermatozoi maschili restano attivi fino al giorno dell’ovulazione, è possibile restare incinta anche nella fase pre-ovulatoria. I giorni più fertili sono infatti quello immediatamente precedente l’ovulazione e il giorno stesso dell’ovulazione.

periodo fertile

Ovulazione

L’ovulazione è il periodo nel quale l’ovocita viene rilasciato dalle ovaie.
Il corpo femminile è sottoposto a un considerevole aumento di ormoni LH e estrogeni.
I sintomi fisici principali sono: l’aumento della temperatura basale; perdite vaginali fluide e trasparenti; aumento della libido, dovuto agli estrogeni e tensione mammaria. Talvolta possono manifestarsi anche dolori addominali in corrispondenza dell’ovaia che sta ovulando.
Come abbiamo detto, in un ciclo regolare di 28 giorni, l’ovulazione avviene tra il dodicesimo ed il sedicesimo giorno. Ma, nelle donne che hanno un ciclo più corto l’ovulazione può avvenire anche solo cinque giorni dopo la mestruazione. In questo caso quindi i giorni successivi sono definiti giorni fertili dopo il ciclo.

Nel caso di ciclo regolare i giorni immediatamente precedenti e successivi alla mestruazione non sono fertili. Ma alcune varianti come stress, farmaci, alimentazione, o età possono influenzare l’ovulazione.
Rimanere incinta a fine ciclo o addirittura durante la mestruazione è possibile.
Questa eventualità può verificarsi per due motivi: o per una doppia ovulazione o per un’ovulazione precoce.
Entrambe le anomalie sono maggiormente riscontrabili nelle donne in età più matura, dopo i 35 anni.
In caso di ciclo irregolare il nostro calendario ovulazione può non essere esatto. Quindi il modo più semplice per il calcolo fertilità è utilizzare dispositivi elettronici appositi o test di ovulazione reperibili in farmacia.

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