Neonato, Vaccinazione

Vaccino trivalente: a cosa serve e quando farlo

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vaccino trivalente

Vaccino trivalente: cos’è e a cosa serve

Il vaccino trivalente è una vaccinazione contro malattie quali il morbillo, la rosolia e la parotite. Questa vaccinazione nel nostro Paese non è obbligatoria ma fortemente consigliata dal Ministero della Salute. Le malattie per le quali rende immune sono molto pericolose. Scopriamo insieme, nel dettaglio, quali sono:

  • Morbillo

Il morbillo è una malattia infettiva esentemica, altamente contagiosa e che si trasmette per via aerea. Si trasmette infatti con starnuti, colpi di tosse o il contatto con la saliva e le secrezioni nasali delle persone infette. I sintomi iniziali sono febbre, occhi rossi, tosse e naso che cola. Dopo due o tre giorni dal contagio appaiono piccole macchie bianche nella bocca e poi un rush cutaneo sul corpo e la testa.

  • Rosolia

E’ una malattia esantematica infettiva che colpisce prevalentemente in età pediatrica e si trasmette per via aerea. Si manifestano piccole macchie da colore rosa sul corpo ma potrebbe anche essere asintomatica. Generalmente il decorso è benefico ma quando colpisce le donne in gravidanza le complicanze possono essere maggiori. Il contagio del feto non è obbligato, può anche non capitare, ma se accade, il bambino alla nascita potrà avere la sindrome da rosolia congenita. Quest’ultima può comportare, come conseguenza, anche ritardi mentali importanti.

  • Parotite

La parotite epidemica, più conosciuta con il nome orecchioni, è una malattia infettiva acuta. Si localizza sulle ghiandole salivari poste nel retrobocca, dietro la mandibola o sotto le orecchie. Dura circa 2 settimane e il primo sintomo è il gonfiore delle parotidi. Il soggetto avverte mal di testa, febbre e dolori al collo e sotto le orecchie. Se questa malattia colpisce in età adulta può comportare sterilità nelle donne.

Quando effettuare il vaccino trivalente

Nei bambini il vaccino va somministrato in due dosi. Tra i 12 e i 15 mesi di età viene fatta la prima dose mentre la seconda a circa 5-6 anni. A volte capita che la seconda dose venga somministrata prima. E’ questo il caso di soggetti che necessitano di una protezione più rapida. Non si deve comunque superare mai il limite minimo di 28 giorni dal primo dosaggio. I bambini più piccoli, tra i 6 e 12 mesi, possono essere vaccinati prima del tempo se sono venuti in contatto con altri soggetti affetti da morbillo. Vanno vaccinati anche gli adulti che non hanno mai contratto una delle malattie per le quali è previsto il vaccino.

Effetti collaterali

Tra gli effetti collaterali del vaccino trivalente ritroviamo: gonfiore, febbre e, in casi eccezionali, reazioni allergiche. Soltanto in casi rarissimi sono state riscontrate convulsioni febbrili, infiammazioni alle articolazioni con dolori annessi e riduzione del numero delle piastrine.

Dove fare il vaccino trivalente

Se avete necessità del vaccino trivalente potrete richiedere informazioni al vostro medico curante o recarvi presso gli uffici Asl della vostra città.

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