Neonato, Vaccinazione

Vaccinazioni obbligatorie: quali sono e quando farle

vaccinazioni obbligatorie

Vaccinazioni obbligatorie: quali sono

Quando si diventa genitori uno dei pensieri che attanaglia la mente è relativo ai vaccini per i nostri bambini. Quali fare e quando? Le vaccinazioni obbligatorie previste dal nostro Paese sono divise in due gruppi: vaccinazioni obbligatorie e raccomandate. L’obbligo riguarda solo 4 ovvero quelle per la poliomielite, difterite, tetano ed epatite B. Quelle raccomandate però  sono comunque consigliate, in quanto efficaci e sicure per contrastare le malattie infettive prevenibili con la vaccinazione. Sono inoltre gratuite come quelle obbligatorie, pertanto a carico del Servizio Sanitario.

Vaccinazioni raccomandate: il morbillo e la pertosse

Tra le vaccinazioni non obbligatorie ma comunque raccomandate, ritroviamo quelle per il morbillo e la pertosse. Il morbillo può comportare complicanze a carico dell’apparato respiratorio e del cervello ed è una malattia molto diffusa tra i bambini. Anche la pertosse è una malattia molto pericolosa, diffusa nell’infanzia, che può portare problemi relativi all’apparato respiratorio e, in alcuni casi, all’encefalite.

Calendario delle vaccinazioni

Scopriamo insieme il calendario delle vaccinazioni. L’antidifterica e l’antitetanica si somministrano insieme attraverso il vaccino combinato. E’ possibile anche scegliere il vaccino trivalente antidifterico-tetanico-pertossico se si opta per procedere anche per il vaccino contro la pertosse, facoltativo. Si inizia a vaccinare il bambino all’età di tre mesi, ecco il calendario:

Il calendario delle vaccinazioni

 

Vaccino Nascita 3° mese 5° mese 11° mese 13-15° mese 6° anno 14-16° anno
Difterite, tetano, pertosse (DTaP) DTaP DTaP DtaP DtaP DT
Poliomielite (IPV) IPV IPV IPV IPV
Epatite B (HBV) HBV (solo nei figli di madre portatrice) HBV HBV HBV
Haemophilus influenzae b (hib) Hib Hib Hib
Morbillo, parotite, rosolia (MPR) MPR MPR

Vaccinare un bambino: esistono rischi?

Le vaccinazioni obbligatorie sono definite vaccinazioni “sicure”: il Ministero della Salute ha effettuato tutti i controlli necessari prima di renderle obbligatorie ed immettere i vaccini in commercio. E’ bene precisare però che non esistono vaccini “sicuri” al 100% e completamente esenti da effetti collaterali, piuttosto esistono vaccini che solo in casi molto rari possono provocare effetti collaterali seri. Spesso questi effetti sono considerati “accettabili”, cioè rappresentano un pericolo inferiore rispetto a quello rappresentato dalla malattia per la quale si cerca di essere immuni. Se avete dubbi in merito o se desiderate spiegazioni più dettagliate vi consigliamo di rivolgervi al vostro medico. Solo gli operatori del settore possono fornirvi risposte complete: la ricerca di informazioni su Internet non deve mai sostituire il confronto con il medico!

Dove fare le vaccinazioni obbligatorie

Per vaccinare il vostro bambino, dopo aver consultato il medico, bisogna recarsi agli appositi Centri Asl presente sul territorio nazionale (non obbligatoriamente a quella di appartenenza). In alternativa potrete recarvi in Ospedale o dal vostro Pediatra di fiducia. Una volta vaccinato il bambino, i vaccini verranno segnati su un apposito libretto che dovrà essere presentato ogni qual volta si faranno i richiami.

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