Neonato, Vaccinazione

Vaccinazione meningococco B: quando è opportuno vaccinarsi

vaccinazione meningococco B

Vaccinazione meningococco B: cos’è e cosa previene

La vaccinazione meningococco B è uno dei vaccini esistenti contro la meningite. Quest’ultima è una malattia causata da un batterio: il Neisseria Meningitidis, detto anche meningococco. E’ considerata una delle infezioni più gravi in quanto intacca le meningi cioè le membrane che avvolgono il cervello e il midollo spinale. Esistono diversi tipi di meningite e per ognuna è previsto uno specifico vaccino. Andiamo a scoprire insieme la meningite di tipo B.

Cos’è la meningite di tipo B? 

La meningite da meningococco di tipo B è l’infezione più diffusa in Europa, Italia compresa, assieme a quella di tipo C. Colpisce soprattutto i bambini piccoli e gli adolescenti in quanto il loro organismo è più debole e, spesso, non reagisce nel modo giusto alle cure contro l’infezione. I bambini sono soggetti fragili così come gli anziani, a loro volta esposti all’infezione, se non vaccinati in precedenza. Il meningococco B rappresenta il sierogruppo più frequente e la trasmissione avviene per via respiratoria. Questa malattia, se non curata, può condurre alla morte, pertanto non bisogna assolutamente sottovalutarla e procedere preventivamente con la vaccinazione.

Meningite di tipo B: i sintomi 

Scopriamo insieme quali sono i sintomi della meningite di tipo B, come e in che termini intervenire. I sintomi della meningite di tipo B sono gli stessi delle altre forme di meningite. Sonnolenza, inappetenza, nausea e vomito, sono tra quelli più comuni. Non è difficile però riscontrare febbre, mal di testa, rigidità al collo e, nei casi più estremi, le convulsioni. Nei neonati e bimbi piccoli i sintomi più comuni sono vomito e inappetenza ma si registrano anche casi di gonfiore sulla testa, in corrispondenza della fontanella.

Vaccinazione meningococco B: quando farla 

La vaccinazione meningococco B è l’unico modo utile per prevenire questo tipo di infezione. Ma quanto procedere? Generalmente si vaccinano bambini di età compresa tra i 13 e i 15 mesi. Nei soggetti a più alto rischio, invece, è possibile anticipare il vaccino anche a 2, 5 e 11 mesi. Il dosaggio dei vaccini varia a seconda dell’età del bambino:

  • Bambini tra i 2 e 5 mesi

Le dosi di vaccino saranno 4: 3 dosi, di cui la prima all’età di 2 mesi,  per l’immunizzazione primaria. L’intervallo tra le dosi deve essere di almeno un mese; 1 dose di richiamo effettuata tra i 12 ed i 23 mesi di età.

  • I bambini non precedentemente vaccinati di età compresa tra i 12 ed i 23 mesi

Le dosi saranno 3: 2 dosi per l’immunizzazione primaria. Un intervallo tra una dose e l’altra di non meno di 2 mesi; 1 dose di richiamo dopo un intervallo compreso tra 12 e 23 mesi tra il ciclo primario e la dose di richiamo.

  • I bambini non precedentemente vaccinati

I bambini tra i 2 e i 10 anni, non precedentemente vaccinati, devono ricevere 2 dosi con un intervallo di almeno 2 mesi tra la prima e la seconda. Non è previsto il richiamo.

  • Adolescenti e adulti

Devono ricevere due dosi, senza richiamo. Tra una dose e l’altra, l’intervallo deve essere di almeno 1 mese.

L’aiuto del medico

Contattate sempre il vostro medico per richiedere chiarimenti e spiegazioni. La ricerca di informazioni su Internet non deve mai escludere la consulenza degli addetti ai lavori.

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