Gravidanza, Malattie

Toxoplasmosi: tutte le cause, sintomi e rimedi

toxoplasmosi

Toxoplasmosi: definizione e cause di contagio

Mai sentito parlare di Toxoplasmosi? E’ un’infezione causata dal parassita Toxoplasma gondii che può vivere e svilupparsi negli uomini ma anche negli animali. Tra gli animali più a rischio ritroviamo il gatto e gli animali da allevamento. Il gatto, attraverso le feci, emette le cisti del parassita che poi vanno ad infettare tutti gli organismi che entrano in contatto con gli escrementi. Si tratta dunque di una malattia parassitaria che può contagiare l’uomo attraverso il contatto con animali infetti o ingerendo cibo crudo (sopratutto carne suina ed ovina cruda). Può essere considerata subdola, in quanto spesso asintomatica, ma da diagnosticare quanto prima in quanto molto pericolosa.

Sintomi della Toxoplasmosi

Come detto in precedenza, la Toxoplasmosi è una malattia spesso asintomatica pertanto è molto difficile accorgersi di essere stati infetti. A volte, però, può capitare che a distanza di circa 15 giorni dal contagio possano manifestarsi sintomi influenzali, mal di testa, spossatezza, dolori muscolari e febbre. Sempre più persone ogni anno si ammalano di questa infezione. Secondo recenti indagini negli Stati Uniti circa il 23% della popolazione ha il parassita ed in alcune zone si raggiungono picchi del 95%.

Toxoplasmosi in gravidanza: i rischi per la madre e il bambino

Diagnosticare la Toxoplasmosi in gravidanza è fondamentale. Se una donna incinta viene infettata è possibile che il toxoplasma, attraverso la placenta, arrivi al feto. Generalmente se la malattia compare nelle prime settimane, la placenta funge da protezione ma può comunque accadere che il feto si infetti. Se quest’ultimo si infetta nel corso del primo trimestre di gravidanza, tra i maggiori rischi c’è quello dell’aborto oppure che il bambino riporti gravi ritardi mentali. Se invece l’infezione subentra dal secondo trimestre in poi, la gravità dei danni può ridursi in maniera progressiva. Vi state chiedendo quali esami è necessario fare? Non preoccupatevi! Il ginecologo vi prescriverà un’analisi specifica del sangue per escludere la Toxoplasmosi. Se avete in casa un gattino, non allarmatevi più di tanto. Non è detto che il vostro micio sia infetto, generalmente lo sono i gatti che vivono in contatto con altri animali. Cercate di evitare però di pulire i suoi bisognini!

Come curare la Toxoplasmosi

Se avete scoperto di essere affetti da questa infezione, come prima cosa contattate il vostro medico. In linea generale, se non siete in gravidanza, non sarà necessario alcun trattamento. Se invece siete in dolce attesa, il medico probabilmente vi prescriverà la spiramicina o la pirimentamina/sulfadiazina e l’acido folinico. Non improvvisatevi mai dottori! La cura più adatta alla vostra infezione deve essere prescritta da uno specialista.

Prevenzione

Fate attenzione alla vostra alimentazione: evitate di mangiare carni crude o bere latte crudo. Pulite bene frutta e verdura e lavate spesso le mani. Se avete un gatto pulite la lettiera, sempre, una volta al giorno. Se siete in gravidanza delegate questa attività a terzi.

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