Gravidanza, Malattie

Gestosi durante la gravidanza: sintomi e cause della malattia

Cos’è la gestosi durante la gravidanza

La gestosi è una sindrome che si può verificare durante la gravidanza. È caratterizzata da sintomi clinici come l’ipertensione arteriosa, edemi diffusi e perdita di proteine attraverso le urine (a livelli oltre i 290 mg/l). Non è una malattia da sottovalutare perchè, in casi molto gravi in cui viene trascurata, può anche causare dei problemi alla madre e al feto ma solitamente, grazie ai frequenti controlli, è tenuta sotto controllo e non arriva mai ad un caso critico.

Gestosi

 

Cause e sintomi della gestosi

La gestosi può essere causata da alcune condizioni fisiche come: l’obesità, il diabete mellito, malattie renali, gravidanze gemellari, avanzata età materna, fumo eccessivo di sigaretta (sconsigliato in gravidanza), fattori genetici, ipertensione arteriosa (superiore a 140 la massima e a 90 la minima), fecondazione assistita o problemi ematologici. La dieta invece non sembra rientrare tra le possibili cause della gestosi, ma comunque ogni squilibrio del nostro corpo può essere causa della malattia. In ogni caso c’è un malfunzionamento della placenta! Quali sono invece i sintomi? Un’ipertensione arteriosa, una forte perdita di proteine attraverso le urine, edemi diffusi sul corpo e gonfiore degli arti inferiori. In casi molto più gravi si potrebbero verificare anche convulsioni.

Quando si può verificare la gestosi?

La percentuale che si possa verificare la gestosi varia dal 3 al 13%, quindi ci troviamo in una percentuale abbastanza bassa. Ma durante nel corso della gravidanza il periodo critico è durante la 24-25 settimana di gestazione perchè inizia un processo di vascolarizzazione placentare e nutrimento del feto. Se per qualsiasi motivo personale questo processo non dovesse svolgere nel modo giusto si potrebbe incorrere a dei problemi, come quelli elencati precedentemente. Questa situazione sarebbe alla base della condizione gestosica.

Rimedi alla gestosi durante la gravidanza

Ormai le gravidanze sono tenute sotto stretto controllo da parte del proprio ginecologo e la gestosi verrebbe subito individuata. Però ancora non si è trovata una cura che metta tutti d’accordo sulla sua reale efficacia. Si crede che il solfato di magnesio abbia un ruolo curatrice e lo stesso vale per l’aspirina. In particolare l’aspirinetta se assunta nelle prime 14 settimane della gravidanza, quando si forma la placenta, diminuirebbe drasticamente le probabilità che la gestosi si verifichi. Una carenza di calcio diminuirebbe invece i sintomi mentre alcune vitamine potrebbero aumentare il grado di incidenza della malattia. In casi gravi l’unico rimedio è il parto immediato e la rimozione della placenta.

Gestosi post-parto

La sindrome solitamente si verifica durante la gravidanza ma può capitare anche nel post-parto. Può presentarsi nei primi quattro giorni successivi, ma raramente può protrarsi fino a sei mesi dopo. In realtà non esistono cure a questa sindrome perchè dovrebbe cessare spontaneamente. Se così non fosse il medico interverrà con dei farmaci ad hoc.

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