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Periodo fertile donna: significato e durata

Periodo fertile donna

Sai cosa si intende per periodo fertile donna? Conosci bene il tuo corpo, riesci a cogliere i suoi segnali? Conoscere il periodo fertile donna può aiutarci a programmare una gravidanza o ad evitarla.
Il periodo fertile corrisponde ai giorni fertili, nei quali è più probabile avvenga l’ovulazione. Oltre a tali giorni, è però importate conoscere tutto il meccanismo alla base del corretto funzionamento del proprio apparato riproduttivo. Tale consapevolezza serve, non solo ai fini del concepimento, ma anche per interpretare i segnali del nostro corpo.

Ciclo mestruale

Il ciclo mestruale è un insieme di cambiamenti fisiologici periodici dell’apparato riproduttivo femminile. Il ciclo mestruale è indispensabile per la produzione degli ovociti e per la preparazione dell’utero per la gravidanza. Il ciclo è compreso tra il primo giorno di flusso e il giorno che precede il flusso del mese successivo. Questo periodo normalmente dura dai 25 ai 35 giorni, ma può variare da donna a donna. La durata del ciclo mestruale spesso viene confusa con il decorso del flusso del ciclo che, invece è di 3-5 giorni.
In un ciclo mestruale ipotetico di 28 giorni si susseguono due fasi: la fase follicolare e quella luteinica. La prima dura mediamente 14 giorni e precede l’ovulazione. La seconda va, invece, dall’ovulazione al giorno 28. Il ciclo mestruale è regolato da cambiamenti ormonali.

Durante la fase follicolare, nei giorni subito precedenti all’ovulazione si può manifestare aumento del desiderio sessuale. Tale istinto dovrebbe raggiungere il suo picco a metà del ciclo, quando i livelli di estrogeni sono al massimo. La fase luteinica invece è associata ad un aumento di progesterone e alla diminuzione degli estrogeni. In questa fase di solito si sperimentano i sintomi della sindrome premestruale.
Per conoscere il proprio corpo può risultare molto utile tenere un diario dove per almeno 3 mesi annotare le sensazioni e i cambiamenti del proprio corpo.
Il diario può aiutarci a individuare i giorni fertili.
Le mestruazioni terminano con la menopausa, tra i 45 e i 55 anni. La menopausa segna anche la fine del periodo fertile donna.

periodo fertile donna

Calcolo periodo fertile donna

La lunghezza della fase follicolare e quella del ciclo mestruale possono variare. Per alcune donne la durata è di 10 giorni, per altre 16, in media 14 giorni. Gli spermatozoi sopravvivono all’interno di una donna per 3 fino a 5 giorni. Il periodo più fertile dura fra 5 giorni prima dell’ovulazione fino a 1-2 giorni successivi. In un ciclo di 28 giorni il periodo di maggior fertilità corrisponde alla seconda ed inizio terza settimana del ciclo. Tuttavia il calcolo dei giorni fertili come metodo contraccettivo può non essere del tutto sicuro. Inoltre, non sempre le perdite di sangue sono vere e proprie mestruazioni.
Se una donna vuole concepire, il periodo più fertile è quindi tra 19 e 10 giorni precedenti le mestruazioni.

Periodo fertile sintomi

Alcune donne sono molto consapevoli della propria ovulazione, altre non notano variazioni significative. Anche se i sintomi sono individuali, alcuni segnali comuni dell’ovulazione sono:

  1. seno più flaccido;
  2. sensazioni di disagio nell’addome;
  3. aumento perdite vaginali con consistenza simile ad albume d’uovo;
  4. lieve aumento della temperatura corporea basale, circa 0,4 a 1 grado centigrado;

Riconoscere questi sintomi insieme al calcolo dei giorni fertili dopo il ciclo possono aiutarci a trovare o evitare una gravidanza.
Se, nonostante queste informazioni, hai difficoltà a individuare la data dell’ovulazione, puoi provare un test che indichi l’ovulazione. Buona fortuna!

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