Malattie

Amenorrea cause: quando il ciclo mestruale non arriva

amenorrea cause

Amenorrea cause: cos’è e perchè si manifesta

L’amenorrea è l’assenza di mestruazioni. Si può distinguere in primaria e secondaria. Si parla di amenorrea primaria quando una donna non ha ancora avuto il suo primo ciclo mestruale al compimento del sedicesimo anno di età. Secondaria, invece, in caso di assenza di mestruazioni in una donna con ciclo mestruale regolare, per almeno 6 mesi consecutivi. Esistono dei periodi durante i quali è normale non avere il ciclo mestruale: nella fase della pubertà, dopo la menopausa, durante la gravidanza e l’allattamento. E’ dunque una malattia femminile, spesso indicativa di una sterilità. Gli organi riproduttivi, infatti, è come se non funzionassero, pertanto è fondamentale richiedere l’aiuto del medico. Amenorrea cause, quali sono?

Le cause: quali sono?

  • Malattie cromosomiche 

E’ questo il caso di donne che hanno compiuto i sedici anni e non hanno ancora avuto il ciclo mestruale. Queste malattie provocano un ritardo nello sviluppo. Sottoporsi a controlli è fondamentale sopratutto perchè le terapie, in casi come questi, prevedono la somministrazione di ormoni per stimolare l’attività ovarica.

  • Cause connesse all’apparato genitale

Tra queste cause possiamo annoverare le anomalie congenite della vagina o sviluppo anomalo dell’utero. Spesso l’amenorrea è attribuita all’insufficienza ovarica o all’anovulazione cronica. Quest’ultimo è il caso, ad esempio, dell’ovaio policistico.

  • Farmaci

Esistono alcuni farmaci che possono contribuire all’amenorrea. E’ il caso degli antidepressivi, farmaci per l’ipertensione, quelli chemioterapici ma anche farmaci antipsicotivi e anti-allergici.

Lo stress e lo stile di vita

Una vita stressata può incidere moltissimo sul regolare funzionamento del corpo femminile. Secondo moltissimi studi, infatti, è una delle cause dell’assenza delle mestruazioni. Lo stress può alterare momentaneamente il funzionamento dell’ipotalamo che si occupa del controllo degli ormoni dai quali dipende il ciclo mestruale. In casi come questo, è consigliabile un  supporto psicoterapeutico. Oltre allo stress, anche un regime alimentare errato può condizionare le mestruazioni. Un’eccessiva perdita di peso, ad esempio, può influire sulle funzioni ormonali. In questo modo si può verificare una sospensione dell’ovulazione. E’ questo il caso delle donne anoressiche che vedono sparire, completamente, il ciclo mestruale. Anche sottoporsi ad un’intensa attività fisica, con un’alimentazione scorretta ed insufficiente può causare amenorrea secondaria.

L’alimentazione

In caso di assenza di mestruazioni il primo passo è quello di consultare un medico specialista. Una corretta alimentazione, però, può aiutare. Si consiglia di eliminare caffè, alcol, fumo e tutti quei prodotti in commercio non salutari. Privilegiare, inoltre, alimenti ricchi di minerali, sopratutto frutta e verdura.

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