Mamme, Vaccinazione

Vaccinazioni neonati, quali sono e quando farle: cosa sapere

vaccinazioni neonati

Vaccinazioni neonati: obbligatorie o facoltative?

Le vaccinazioni ai neonati, si sa, rappresentano una preoccupazione per tutte le mamme! Quali fare e quando? Sono obbligatorie o facoltative? Cerchiamo di capirne di più. Innanzitutto rispondiamo ad un quesito sulle vaccinazioni neonati: sono obbligatorie? I vaccini obbligatori, quelli indicati cioè dal Ministero della Salute e dalle Asl, sono quattro: antidifterica, antitetanica, antipoliomielite, antiepatite B. Gli altri, quelli per la pertosse, il morbillo, la parotite, la rosolia e quella contro l’Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib), sono definiti facoltativi. Negli ultimi tempi si è molto parlato nel nostro Paese dell’opportunità di eliminarne l’obbligatorietà. In passato, i genitori che non sottoponevano i propri figli ai vaccini ricevevano una sanzione e il divieto per il bambino di frequentare la scuola. Adesso, con la modifica del titolo V della Costituzione, qualcosa è cambiato. Grazie all’emanazione di decreti e regolamenti, infatti, alcune Regioni, come il Veneto, hanno sospeso l’obbligatorietà dei vaccini, mentre altre hanno deciso di non sanzionare le famiglie che, volontariamente, decidono di non sottoporre i propri figli alle vaccinazioni.

Vaccini: sono efficaci?

Sono in tanti a chiedersi quale possa essere l’efficacia delle vaccinazioni. C’è da dire che sottoporre il bambino al vaccino non vuol dire renderlo immune al 100% contro la malattia. Esistono, ad esempio, alcuni vaccini, come l’antipertosse, che non immunizzano completamente. E’ possibile, infatti, che dopo molto tempo il bambino sia colpito dalla malattia, magari anche a distanza di anni. In questi casi, comunque, i sintomi che avrà saranno sicuramente lievi e non dovrebbero sopraggiungere particolari complicazioni. Alcuni bimbi, poi, ma questo riguarda una percentuale bassissima di neonati, non rispondono affatto alle vaccinazioni. Può capitare, infatti, che non diventino immuni alla malattia.

Vaccinazioni neonati, quali le controindicazioni?

Esistono rischi per i bambini che si sottopongono ai vaccini? Secondo il Ministero della Salute esistono controindicazioni temporanee e definitive per le vaccinazioni neonati.

  • Controindicazioni temporanee

Sarà bene non sottoporre il bambino ai vaccini in presenza di malattie acute con febbre molto alta o in caso di vaccinazioni con virus viventi, se nei 30 giorni precedenti è stato somministrato un altro vaccino. Qualora il bimbo, poi, seguisse una terapia con farmaci che agiscono sul sistema immunitario o con cortisonici, sarà opportuno evitare la vaccinazione.

  • Controindicazioni definitive

Sarà opportuno che al bambino non vengano somministrati alcuni vaccini quando è affetto da malattie neurologiche o congenite del sistema immunitario. Inoltre, se il bambino si rivela allergico ad alcune sostanze contenute nei vaccini, come le proteine dell’uovo o alcuni antibiotici, quali streptomicina e neomicina, sarà bene non vaccinarlo.

Vaccinazioni neonati: l’aiuto del medico

Se avete dubbi o perplessità circa le vaccinazioni sarà opportuno contattare il vostro medico curante o il pediatra del bambino. Il web può rappresentare un ottimo strumento per informarsi ma solo gli addetti ai lavori potranno rispondere esaustivamente ad ogni vostra domanda.

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