Allattamento, Neonato

Latte per neonati: quale scegliere, dosi e come prepararlo

latte-per-neonatiLatte per neonati

L’allattamento al seno è la scelta migliore, almeno per i primi sei mesi di vita del neonato. Purtroppo, però, non sempre è possibile, per vari motivi. Quando il latte materno non basta, è necessario utilizzare un apposito latte per neonati, detto latte artificiale. In commercio ne esistono di svariati tipi e marche, adatti a tutte le esigenze e alle diverse età del bambino. Un buon latte artificiale deve favorire la crescita del bambino, ma anche lo sviluppo delle sue capacità intellettive, la resistenza agli agenti infettivi e la prevenzione di disturbi come allergie, diarrea e stitichezza. Per scegliere il latte per neonati migliore è necessario chiedere consiglio al proprio pediatra di fiducia, tuttavia di seguito trovate alcune regole generali che vi aiuteranno.

Latte per neonati: quale scegliere

Nei primi sei mesi di vita, il latte per neonati da utilizzare è la cosiddetta formula adattata, che corrisponde al numero 1. La composizione di questo latte artificiale, che deriva da quello vaccino, viene modificata per diventare il più possibile simile a quella del latte materno. Superati i sei mesi d’età, bisogna dare al proprio bambino il latte di proseguimento, ovvero la formula 2. Oltre alla formula 1 e alla 2, esistono anche altri tipi di latte per neonati, le formule speciali, pensate per bambini con esigenze particolati. Tra queste c’è la formula HA (o latte idrolizzato), un latte per neonati più digeribile e facile da assorbire, perché le proteine in esso contenute vengono “sminuzzate“. Ci sono poi formule speciali per neonati prematuri e per quelli che soffrono di problemi digestivi, come coliche, stipsi, reflusso e diarrea. È importante sapere, però, che queste formule non vanno mai date fin dall’inizio dell’alimentazione, ma solo se il bambino presenta problemi e, soprattutto, dopo che il pediatra ne avrà identificato le cause.

latte-artificiale-per-neonatiLatte artificiale: dosi

Nell’allattamento al seno non c’è bisogno di stabilire un numero preciso di poppate, il neonato può (e deve) attaccarsi al seno e mangiare tutte le volte che vuole, senza alcun problema di sovradosaggio. Lo stesso non si può dire del latte per neonati, che deve rispettare precise dosi. Il numero delle poppate varia in base all’età del bambino, di solito ci si regola in questo modo:

  • sei poppate al giorno (ogni tre ore e mezzo circa) fino al terzo mese,
  • cinque poppate al giorno (ogni quattro ore) al quarto mese,
  • quattro poppate al quinto/sesto mese.

Ovviamente, non è uno schema rigido: se il bimbo piange si può anticipare la poppata anche di mezz’ora, mentre se dorme la si può posticipare sempre di circa mezz’ora. Per quanto riguarda le dosi del latte artificiale, esse vanno concordate con il pediatra, ma in linea generale sono:

  • prima settimana: 10 ml di latte per pasto, aggiungendo 10 ml al giorno, fino ad arrivare dopo una settimana a 70-80 ml;
  • primo mese: circa 100 ml a pasto;
  • secondo mese: circa 110-120 ml a pasto;
  • terzo e quarto mese: 140-150 ml a pasto.

Latte artificiale migliore

Qual è il latte per neonati migliore? La risposta non è facile. Vi sono rigide normative a regolare la formulazione del latte artificiale, per cui le differenze da una marca all’altra sono davvero minime. Di solito le case produttrici aggiungono nuovi elementi (più o meno utili) alla loro formula, in base alle ultime ricerche scientifiche in materia. A consigliare la neomamma dovrebbe essere il pediatra, perché solo lui può stabilire se c’è o meno bisogno di formule speciali. In ogni caso, per scegliere il miglior latte artificiale ci si può basare sui seguenti parametri:

  • prezzo: non sempre un prezzo elevato è sinonimo di miglior qualità;
  • reperibilità: alcune marche non sono facili da reperire in tutte le farmacie e nei supermercati;
  • disponibilità di uno stesso tipo sia nel formato liquido che in quello in polvere, perché si potrebbe aver bisogno di cambiare in alcune occasioni (viaggi, spostamenti ecc…).

latte-in-polvereLatte in polvere per neonati: come si prepara

Vediamo, ora come si prepara il latte in polvere per neonati. Innanzitutto, il biberon e la tettarelle devono essere sterilizzati prima dell’uso, bollendoli in acqua per circa 20 minuti circa. L’acqua da utilizzare per preparare il latte in polvere deve essere oligominerale in bottiglia (di solito sulla confezione è specificato se è indicata per la preparazione degli alimenti per neonati). L’acqua va riscaldata a 70 gradi circa, dopodiché va aggiunto il latte in polvere. Una volta pronto, verificate sempre all’interno del braccio se è troppo caldo e, nel caso, raffreddatelo ponendo il biberon sotto il getto dell’acqua fredda. Dopo l’uso, lavate biberon e tettarella e riponeteli in un luogo pulito e asciutto.

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