Allattamento, Neonato

Allattamento al seno: tutto quello che bisogna sapere

allattamento-al-seno-quantitaAllattamento al seno

Molte donne, soprattutto alla prima esperienza di maternità, si chiedono come funzioni l’allattamento al seno e si fanno travolgere da dubbi e paure. Spesso si teme di non riuscire a dare il latte dal seno al proprio bimbo, ma sappiate solo l’1% delle donne per motivi fisiologici non può allattare, tutte le altre non hanno problemi, l’importante è partire bene. Come fare? Innanzitutto cominciando ad allattare il prima possibile, meglio se entro due ore dalla nascita, quando l’istinto del bimbo di attaccarsi al seno è elevato. Inoltre, in questa prima fase il bimbo assume il colostro, il siero prodotto prima della montata lattea, ricco di anticorpi fondamentali per il neonato. È poi importante seguire alcune semplicissime regole, vediamo quali.

Allattamento al seno a richiesta

Fondamentale quando si allatta è ascoltare le necessità del bebè. Niente regole rigide, niente poppate ogni tot ore, ma allattamento al seno a richiesta: il bimbo deve potersi attaccare al seno quando vuole e per quanto tempo vuole. Più si attaccherà al seno, più la produzione del latte verrà stimolata. Sarà vostro figlio, quando sazio, a staccarsi dal seno o ad addormentarsi. Solo con il tempo il piccolo comincerà ad avere i suoi ritmi regolari. Sappiate, poi, che soprattutto nelle prime settimane di vita, il bimbo si sveglierà anche di notte per poppare, quindi tenetene conto e mettetelo nella culla accanto al vostro letto, per comodità. Tra l’altro, allattare di notte farà bene anche a voi, perché durante le ore notturne la prolattina, l’ormone responsabile della produzione del latte, è più attiva.

allattamento-al-seno-a-richiestaAllattamento al seno, cosa mangiare?

Una domanda molto frequente tre le neomamme è: cosa mangiare quando si allatta? Quale deve essere la dieta in allattamento? Prima di tutto, sappiate che tutte le dicerie su presunti cibi e bevande in grado di stimolare o ridurre la produzione del latte sono infondate. Sbagliata è anche la convinzione che durante l’allattamento, come in gravidanza, si debba “mangiare per due” . Ad aumentare è il fabbisogno di calcio, iodio, fosforo, vitamine del gruppo B, vitamina A, vitamina C, vitamina D e vitamina E. Per questo, è consigliato assumere:

  • almeno 2 litri di acqua al giorno,
  • formaggi light (un paio di volte a settimana),
  • frutta e verdura di stagione ad ogni pasto,
  • carboidrati integrali,
  • uova (massimo 2 a settimana),
  • pesce (un paio di volte a settimana e ben cotto),
  • carne (un paio di volte a settimana e ben cotta).

Dei seguenti alimenti e bevande, invece, il consumo va eliminato:

  • bevande alcoliche;
  • alimenti che potrebbero provocare fenomeni allergizzanti, come frutta secca e crostacei;
  • cibi con sapori forti, come cavoli, cavoletti di Bruxelles, carciofi e asparagi;
  • cibi piccanti;
  • carne e pesce crudi.

Da moderare il consumo di:

  • cioccolato,
  • aglio e cipolla,
  • tè e caffè
  • legumi,
  • broccoli,
  • cavoli.

Allattamento al seno: quantità

Come abbiamo detto, l’ideale è non fare poppate programmate ad orario, ma a richiesta. Per questo, stabilire una quantità dell’allattamento è impossibile. In genere, un neonato dovrebbe poppare dalle otto alle dodici volte nell’arco delle 24 ore, ma quasi tutti vogliono attaccarsi al seno più spesso. Sarà poi il bimbo stesso a raggiungere una sua regolarità. Anche stabilire una durata standard delle poppate non è possibile: che ci succhia il latte per cinque minuti, chi per molto più tempo. L’ideale è lasciare al bimbo la possibilità di succhiare il latte secondo le sue esigenze.

allattamento al seno quantità

Allattamento al seno: coliche

La maggior parte dei neonati, a distanza di due o tre settimane dalla nascita, comincia ad accusare coliche addominali, dovute ad un eccesso di gas intestinali. Di solito il bambino con coliche presenta flatulenza e piange disperato e inconsolabile. Molto spesso si ritiene che coliche e allattamento al seno siano collegati, perché il bimbo succhiando ingoia anche molta aria, oppure perché ha un’intolleranza al lattosio contenuto nel latte materno. In realtà, è più probabile che il bambino non sia intollerante al lattosio, ma abbia problemi perché non vine allattato correttamente. Il latte materno, infatti, cambia durante la poppata: all’inizio è più leggero, diventando man mano più ricco di grassi. Cambiando spesso mammella durante la poppata, il piccolo finirà per assumere solo il latte leggero, assumendo quindi meno calorie. In questo modo sarà spinto a mangiare più frequentemente e a rigurgitare il latte. Lo stomaco si svuoterà più rapidamente e nell’intestino si riverserà una grande quantità di lattosio. Il lattasio, la proteina che digerisce il lattosio, non riuscirà a svolgere correttamente il suo compito e il bambino mostrerà i tipici sintomi dell’intolleranza al lattosio cioè pianto, flatulenza e scariche di diarrea. Per questo, è bene lasciare succhiare il bimbo dalla stessa mammella finché vuole, senza staccarlo per cambiare seno.

Come si allatta al seno

Vediamo, ora, gli aspetti pratici dell’allattamento al seno, ovvero come allattare e come far attaccare il bambino al seno. Potete scegliere la posizione a voi più comoda per allattare, come quella sdraiata sul fianco o seduta. In ogni caso, il bambino dovrebbe trovarsi sdraiato sul fianco con la pancia contro il corpo della madre. Il capezzolo non deve essere preso in punta, ma a partire dall’areola, perché il bimbo deve attaccarsi al seno e non al capezzolo. Per questo, è importante che il capezzolo si trovi all’altezza del naso del piccolo, in modo tale che quando aprirà la bocca lo afferri dal basso verso l’alto. Per aiutarlo, stimolare la bocca del bambino con il capezzolo, avvicinandolo al seno quando aprirà la bocca. L’attaccamento al seno è corretto se:

  • il bambino tocca il seno con naso e mento,
  • durante la suzione la sua mascella si muove fino all’orecchio,
  • il ritmo della suzione è inizialmente veloce per poi rallentare, con pause per deglutire.

allattamento-al-fino-a-quando-1Allattamento al seno, fino a quando?

Rispondiamo, infine, ad una delle domande più frequenti tra le mamme che allattano: fino a quando si deve allattare al seno? Spesso si sente dire che dare il latte materno dopo i sei mesi è inutile, perché diventerebbe “come acqua“. In realtà non è vero, perché, seppur necessiti di essere integrato con alimenti solidi, facendo tre o quattro poppate al giorno, esso copre circa il 25% del fabbisogno calorico giornaliero. Inoltre, il latte materno continua ad essere ricco di anticorpi e altre importanti sostanze, anche dopo i 12 mesi. Per questo motivo, riguardo l’allattamento al seno l’Oms (Organizzazione mondiale della sanità), raccomanda di continuare fino al secondo anno di età e oltre.

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