Ciclo mestruale, Concepimento

Sindrome premestruale: tutto quello che c’è da sapere

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sindrome premestruale

Sindrome premestruale

Molte di noi nei giorni che precedono le mestruazioni sono affette dalla cosiddetta sindrome premestruale. Si tratta di un insieme di fastidiosi sintomi fisici e mentali, che si manifestano nella seconda fase del ciclo mestruale, ovvero nella fase luteica. Da alcune ricerche è emerso che circa l’80% delle donne soffre di dolori premestruali e altri fastidi, anche se solo per il 5% si può parlare di vera e propria sindrome . Se anche voi capite che le mestruazioni stanno arrivando dai dolori al basso ventre, dall’acne e dagli sbalzi d’umore, probabilmente siete tra le tante donne colpite. Anche se nella maggior parte dei casi non è nulla di grave, alcune volte questa sindrome può avere ripercussioni a livello sociale, a causa degli sbalzi d’umore. In casi estremi, può causare forte depressione e comportamenti psicotici.

Sindrome premestruale sintomi

Come abbiamo visto, tutte noi risentiamo dei sintomi mestruali, ma non sempre si può parlare di sindrome. La sindrome premestruale è caratterizzata da sintomi ben precisi, sia a livello fisico che psicologico. Essi sono:

  • tensione mammaria e dolore al seno,
  • ritenzione idrica,
  • stipsi,
  • pancia gonfia,
  • dolori muscolari,
  • acne,
  • irritabilità,
  • sbalzi d’umore,
  • ansia,
  • insonnia,
  • crisi di pianto,
  • stanchezza,
  • aumento della fame.

Non in tutte le donne si presentano tutti questi sintomi prima delle mestruazioni. Allo stesso tempo, in alcuni casi si possono avere anche perdite prima del ciclo e capezzoli sensibili. Anche il mal di testa da ciclo è molto frequente nei giorni immediatamente precedenti l’arrivo delle mestruazioni.

sintomi-premestrualiSindrome premestruale cause

Non è stata ancora individuata una causa certa e univoca della sindrome premestruale, le più diffuse sono:

  • carenza di magnesio: sindrome premestruale e magnesio sono strettamente collegati, perché una carenza di questo minerale causa mal di testa, crampi muscolari e all’utero. Probabilmente, la carenza di magnesio è dovuta ad un aumento della produzione degli ormoni che regolano l’equilibrio dei sali minerali nel nostro organismo;
  • sbalzi ormonali: l’aumento degli estrogeni e della prolattina provoca la tensione mammaria e la ritenzione idrica. La diminuzione di dopamina e serotonina, endorfine che regolano l’umore, provoca gli sbalzi d’umore;
  • carenza di vitamina B6, importante nella sintesi di serotonina e dopamina, che regolano il tono dell’umore. La dopamina, inoltre, inibisce la produzione di prolattina e quindi una sua carenza ne provoca l’aumento, con le conseguenze viste più su.

In conclusione, possiamo dire che le cause sono sempre di natura ormonale e strettamente collegate tra loro.

Sindrome premestruale rimedi

Si può cercare di controllare i sintomi premestruali con diversi rimedi, farmacologici o naturali. Per quanto riguarda i primi, i più diffusi sono:

  • farmaci antidepressivi, solo su prescrizione medica per i casi più gravi. Posso essere assunti una volta al giorno durante tutto il ciclo mestruale oppure solo nelle due settimane che precedono le mestruazioni;
  • antinfiammatori non steroidei (FANS), come l’ibuprofene e il naprossene sodico. Possono essere utili per combattere i dolori mestruali già da alcuni giorni prima dell’arrivo delle mestruazioni;
  • diuretici, per ridurre e prevenire la ritenzione idrica, causa del gonfiore addominale e agli arti;
  • pillolo anticoncezionale, può essere prescritta dal medico per bloccare l’ovulazione e quindi ridurre i sintomi premestruali e la dismenorrea.

dolori-premestrualiSindrome premestruale rimedi naturali

Se preferite evitare il più possibile il consumo di farmaci, è possibile combattere la sindrome premestruali con rimedi naturali. Prima di tutto è importante partire dall’alimentazione, evitando i seguenti cibi nei giorni del ciclo che precedono le mestruazioni:

  • tè,
  • caffè,
  • coca cola,
  • bibite alcoliche,
  • dolci e alimenti ricchi di zuccheri semplici,
  • sale,
  • grassi saturi,
  • cibi in scatola contenenti glutammato.

Al contrario, andrebbero assunti in abbondanza pesce azzurro, soia (nella seconda metà del ciclo), frutta e verdura. È poi importante fare regolare attività fisica, soprattutto attività rilassanti come corsa, yoga e pilates. È utile anche assumere integratori a base di magnesio e vitamina B6, la cui carenza abbiamo visto essere causa di dolori muscolari e sbalzi d’umore. Infine, si può ricorrere a fitoterapici e tisane a base di angelica, verbena, melissa, biancospino, passiflora e agnocasto.

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